direct LIN injection/spray cooling ( Figure 1d).Cooling occurs via a conductive surface, or by blowing the cold GAN directly onto the materials to be cooled. Additional LIN is injected to control the temperature. LIN vaporizes, and the sensible heat capacity of the cold GAN is used for refrigeration. The HTF then provides refrigeration through a conductive wall to freeze materials or cool fluids. The HTF temperature can be tuned to the desired process temperature, as low as the boiling point of LIN. The boiling temperature of LIN is buffered with an intermediate heat-transfer fluid (HTF) to enhance temperature control. secondary circuit (indirect) cooling ( Figure 1b).LIN provides cooling via a single conductive wall, the cold surface of which freezes or cools liquid or gas streams. direct surface (semi-indirect) cooling ( Figure 1a).Several cooling techniques take advantage of LIN’s refrigeration capabilities in batch or continuous processes. This article describes methods for employing liquid and gaseous nitrogen’s cooling and freezing capabilities, as well as some specific applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Even at elevated pressures, the thermal properties of LIN ( Table 1) make it an effective refrigeration medium to rapidly cool processes to low temperatures. It is also a practical cryogen for most low-temperature applications because of its extremely low boiling temperature (–195.8☌) and high refrigeration capacity at atmospheric pressure. LIN is an effective and convenient refrigerant due to its availability, low cost, and inert properties. Liquid nitrogen (LIN) is used in innovative cooling and freezing technologies. Gaseous nitrogen (GAN) can inert vessels and purge lines to eliminate explosion hazards and prevent undesired oxidation reactions that can reduce product quality. The chemical process industries (CPI) employ nitrogen - as a gas or liquid - in a wide range of applications (1, 2). Find out what methods are used in what applications and why. The pressure increase ‘rigidifies’ the bottle, making it robust enough to stack.Many low-temperature processes leverage nitrogen’s cooling and freezing capabilities. The trapped droplet expands as it vaporises and increases the internal pressure. These systems add a droplet of liquid nitrogen and trap it by immediately capping the bottle. We supply the liquid nitrogen (LIN) needed for the LIN dosing systems commonly used in bottling facilities. In addition, it is inert – thus protecting the drink against oxidation, which can lead to drink spoilage and lost revenues. When liquid nitrogen vaporises, it expands to 682 times its liquid volume. Nitrogen is the perfect medium because it is available in liquid form.
This problem can be avoided by pressurising the bottles. With thinner walls, weak bottles at the bottom of a pallet buckle under the weight of the bottles above, creating unsafe conditions and costly product losses.
However, doing so has reduced the weight of PET polymers in the bottles, resulting in thinner, weaker bottle walls.Īfter filling, bottles must be stacked so they can be transported to customers. Over the past 20 years, plastic bottles have become thinner in line with environmental and cost pressures. Manufacturers of non-carbonated beverages (water, juices, teas, etc.) generally rely on PET (polyethylene terephthalate) to make their drinks bottles. PLASTINUM Dynamic Temperature Control with CO₂ PLASTINUM Gas Injection Moulding with Inner Cooling PLASTINUM Gas Injection Moulding with CO₂ SOLVOX® aquaculture hose & ceramic diffuser Hydrogen Applications for Chemical Production Pure oxygen for efficient ozone generationĪdvanced Temperature Control of Injection Moulds Neutralisation and remineralisation with carbon dioxide Inerting, purging, sparging, pressure transfer Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC)
0 kommentar(er)
